It is the process of producing syngas, a mixture consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). During gasification, coal is blown with oxygen and steam while also being heated under high pressure. During the reaction, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce ...
What is EAuction in Iron Ore Mining? About: An eauction is a transaction between sellers (the auctioneers) and bidders (suppliers in the business to business scenarios) that takes place on an electronic marketplace.; Process: After the completion of every bid, a threemember monitoring committee, appointed by the Supreme Court, publishes a document that lists the details of the quality of ...
It is a primitive and hazardous method of mining for coal. It involves digging of very small narrow tunnels (hence called rat holes), usually 34 feet high, which workers (more often children)enter and extract coal. It is practiced mostly in Northeastern states, especially in Meghalaya because coal seam found in the hilly region is very thin ...
The presence of this gas is well known from its occurrence in underground coal mining, ... Extracting unconventional gas is a capital intensive process and at the present levels of gas prices, the companies cannot recover their investments. ... The validity of the Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is from July 2023 to December 2024 (18 months).
Recently announced Reforms in Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 41 blocks to be offered to the private sector. The coal mines being auctioned are located in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha. They include partially and fully explored mines. Simplified the process of the mining plan approval ...
According to Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Report, India's Coal Mines are severely underutilized amid push for new ones. GEM is a firm that tracks fuelsource utilization globally. It studies the evolving international energy landscape, creating databases, reports, and interactive tools that enhance understanding.
That process would also require onethird less water, making it more economical. ... UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs): ... Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas extracted from coal seams, while shale gas is a mixture of propane and butane only that can be extracted from finegrained sedimentary rocks. In India ...
Mar 20, 2023. According to the sand mining framework, India requires 70 million tonnes of sand per year, with demand increasing by 7% each year. Sand mining is the process of removing sand and gravel from the ground. In India, sand mining is largely related to construction activities. Sand is becoming a highvalue commodity as a result of this ...
Openpit mining is commonly used to extract metallic ores like aluminum, bauxite, copper, gold, copper, and iron as well as nonmetallic ores like coal, uranium, and phosphate. Openpit mining is ...
Continued expansion of India's economy is expected during, with annual average GDP growth of %, fuelled partially by coal. India's push to domestic coal mining through both Coal India and auction of coal blocks to private companies, coal usage in India will increase as it plateaus in other parts of the world, including China.
Energy security in India revolves around coal sector, which has dominant use in three core sectors power, steel, cement. Coal Industry itself too is part of core sector. Apart from this there is inconsistent demand from small scale industry involved in brick manufacturing or ceramics. There is increased impetus on moving away from coal ...
Coal Mines in India Challenges Coal Mining in India is faced with several challenges, including: Environmental degradation: Coal mining has a significant impact on the environment, including air, water, and soil pollution. Mining activities can cause deforestation, soil erosion, land subsidence, and the destruction of wildlife habitats.
The world's largest coal mining company, Coal India Limited (CIL), provides about 85% of India's domestic coal production. Orissa is the secondlargest state in terms of coal reserves, but it is also the thirdlargest coal producer, accounting for just over 15% of the country's total coal production. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
Unlocking coal mining for private players is a step forward to attain selfreliance in the coal sector. However, for sustainable utilization of coal, there is a need to look into these reforms from a multidimensional viewpoint. Announced Reforms In Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 50 blocks to be offered to the private sector.
Coal bed methane (CBM) is a form of natural gas which can be recovered from coal deposits or coal seams (a coal deposit is a geographical location containing mineable accumulations of coal while a coal seam is entrapment of coal in underlying rock). The gas is formed during the natural conversion of plant material into coal, known as coalification.
Coals are classified into three main ranks, or types: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. These classifications are based on the amount of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen present in the coal. Coals other constituents include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ash, and sulfur. Some of the undesirable chemical constituents include chlorine and sodium.
Shale gas and oil are unconventional natural resources.. They are found at 2,5005,000 metres below the earth's surface. They are deeper in comparison to conventional crude oil found at 1,500 metres.. The process of extracting shale oil and gas requires deep vertical drilling followed by horizontal drilling. The most common way to extract shale gas is 'hydraulic fracturing' (fracking ...
Coal is a combustible black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal supplies about a quarter of the world's primary energy and twofifths of its electricity.
Rathole mining stands as a distinctive method for extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, particularly prevalent in the region of Meghalaya. The term "rat hole" denotes the small, constricted pits that miners delve into, typically only spacious enough for an individual to descend and procure coal manually. Mining Process:
Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to amend the Second Schedule to the MMDR (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation) Act to specify the royalty rates of certain minerals, including potash, emerald and platinum group of metals. MMDR Act, 1957 regulates the mining sector in India and specifies the requirement for obtaining ...
Coal and lignite fired thermal power plants account for about 54 per cent of India's installed power generation capacity but currently account for about 70 per cent of power generated in the country. Importance of Coal to India: Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for 55% of the country's energy needs ...
![[Indepth] [Updated] Coal Sector in India IAS EXPRESS](/bs2qdyc/386.jpg)
Mountaintop mining: the coal is mined after the mountaintop is removed to reveal the seam. Valley fills are used for storing the removed overburden in case of limited disposal alternative. Room and Pillar coal mining: in this method, the coal is mined from a horizontal plane and an array of rooms and pillars. Longwall mining: it is a type of ...
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